![]() ![]() Over the next decade, it will decrease to a historically low level relative to the size of our national economy. In 2023, discretionary spending is projected to be about 28 percent of the budget. In the 1960s, two-thirds of total federal spending went to fund discretionary programs. Other major activities funded through appropriations include homeland security, education, transportation, research, food safety, science and space programs, disaster assistance, environmental protection, public housing, and federal law enforcement. Defense spending represents nearly half of all discretionary spending. ![]() There are 12 separate appropriation bills that are supposed to be shepherded annually through Congress by the appropriations committees. As opposed to the "automatic" nature of mandatory spending, discretionary spending must be revisited each year. CBO states that in 2023, 62 percent of federal spending went to mandatory programs.ĭiscretionary spending is determined on an annual basis by Congress and the President through enactment of appropriations. In 1970, only 31 percent of the federal budget was spent on mandatory programs, while the rest funded an array of discretionary programs and net interest. Over time, spending for mandatory programs has increased more quickly than most other programs - primarily because of growth in Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. However, if Congress and the President take no action, the current formulas and criteria for benefits generally remain in place year after year, and the spending flows as specified by law without interruption. Elected officials can at any time adjust the eligibility criteria and benefit formulas that determine spending on mandatory programs, as they did with Social Security in 1983. The term "mandatory" doesn’t mean that lawmakers are powerless to alter this spending. Total spending on the program depends on the number of people who file for unemployment, not on a fixed amount of funding set by lawmakers. For example, the unemployment insurance program has eligibility criteria that, once met, allow an individual to receive a certain level of benefits. Instead, they specify who is eligible for benefits as well as the type and level of benefits that each person can receive. Lawmakers do not provide specific funding levels for mandatory spending. ![]()
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![]() Of course, you can group it and label it, and assign it a tag that you name “wall”.īut my point is, you’re not confined to working within certain tools for certain types of objects that the SketchUp team has decided you should be creating. There is no “Wall tool”, or “Floor tool”, but you’re free to draw a rectangle and extrude it and hereby declare that this extruded rectangle shall now be known as a “WALL”. ![]() That’s sort of the beauty behind SketchUp. SketchUp is, at its core, a surface polygon modeler, meaning, everything is either a face or an edge. ![]() What you’ll find in all of the SketchUp 3D modeling platforms is an easy-to-use, fun 3D modeling program. You can start using it right now, at The SketchUp foundation To recap, the current free version of SketchUp is called SketchUp Free, which is a web-based version of SketchUp that runs right in your browser. □ You’ll learn more about the differences between all the various SketchUp products below. Most notably, you can only use extensions on the desktop versions of SketchUp. There are several differences between the desktop and browser versions of SketchUp. Already very popular and largely used, it is capable of exporting high-resolution videos and with professional quality, besides having a lot of material on the internet in order to facilitate the learning process.To replace SketchUp Make, Trimble launched an entirely web-based SketchUp platform on which you’ll find SketchUp Free. Besides all the free resources, it is possible to import and export files in the same format as its competitor, functioning in several operating systems (Linux, Mac OS and Windows).Īn alternative to the Premiere, Final Cut or Sony Vegas, there is LightWorks. It has all the text tools, spreadsheets, slides and complements with all the needed resources for documents work.Īs an alternative to MS Project, we can look at ProjectLibre. Similar to the most popular family office, it leaves nothing to be desired. It is free and open code.Īn interesting alternative to the Office package is LibreOffice. Very known among designers and illustrators, it is a vector graphics editor of a professional quality to Linux, Windows and Mac OS. Open source and simple to use, it is the type of software that will easily substitute its similar paid program since it has all the tools and, even though its interface is a little bit different, it is easy to adjust to it.Īs an alternative option to Illustrator and Corel Draw, we have InkScape. In alternative to InDesign, we can use Scribus. It also has a totally customizable interface that facilitates the workflow. ![]() It is extremely similar to the famous Adobe program and has every resource that one can imagine for image editing. They are able to present amazing realistic products, being also used by the great studios of games and movies industries.įor Revit and ArchiCAD, we have as an alternative FreeCAD, which has its own working method that will require some study and patience but is very powerful and capable of exporting drawings, charts and other information of the constructed models.Īs an option to substitute Photoshop, it is possible to use GIMP. ![]() The LibreCAD is totally free and open source while the NanoCAD, besides the free version, has also a paid and more complete one.įor those who seek alternatives to programs such as SketchUp, 3DS, V-Ray and Lumion, there is the Blender, Unreal Engine 4e and the Unity, that offer impressive results. Apart from free of charge, its distributions have become increasingly more complete, professional and productive.Īs an alternative to AutoCAD, we have the LibreCAD and the NanoCad. Linux is a generally known operating system although rarely used. This software transition is much simpler for self-employed professionals or students since they are the only performers of their demands, but in the cases of small teams and offices, training will probably be necessary.Īn alternative to Windows or Mac OS is the Linux Mint. Some software are very similar, while others were elaborated with different ways of thinking that will require some studying. It is important to keep in mind that in order to save the money that was usually destined for the licenses, you will need to adjust yourself. For this reason, we have created this list. There is no denying that these are excellent software and the point here is not to criticize them, but there is an alternative universe of free software (most of them open-source) that might solve the increasing problem that architects have with license costs, and attend to student demands as well as the industry ones. Several reasons might explain that: the partnerships that these companies usually make with the university labs, the lack of time to learn a new program, or the culture to use the most popular software. During the academic formation process, beginner architects are educated and trained to develop projects on the most “traditional” software. ![]() ![]() This requires you to run fractals for the mist drops or to earn the fractal relics to purchase them. Infused - requires throwing into the mystic toilet - 1 Ascended Ring, 5 Vial of Condensed Mists Essence, 3 Glob of Coagulated Mists Essence, 1 Shard of Crystallized Mists Essence. I understand this probably isn’t a big deal for a lot of people and pve-ers, and stats aren’t everything, but given that there is a clear divide between players and which content they choose to play, it just seems really counter intuitive that Anet would force players into grinding content they aren’t interested in so they can reach their max potential in the content they do play. This would be fairly easy for everyone to do. Though it is trivially cheap to do, you need Fractal Attunement Mastery to do so. Once that is done though, the items can NOT be infuse or attuned again. Rings and back items can be infused, rings can be attuned. You can choose any stat you want from it, provided you own the expansion that the stat became available. It then gives specifics on which back items and trinkets fall under which rule. So, in order to maximise stat potential in WvW, a game mode that I basically play the game for, I’m forced to grind hours of PvE content that I’m just not interested in? The rings sold by the Skirmish Supervisor are already infused, and you can equip two of them. However, the only way to get ascended rings attuned and infused requires currency and materials only obtainable via fractals. I only just discovered that infused and attuned rings with the bonus 2 slots can now take any infusion, not only agony. ![]() I haven’t played in around 6 months due to life circumstances and I returned recently to play some sPvP and WvW (I always played for these game modes). ![]() ![]() In summary, ozone is a good candidate for surgical mask disinfection however, the effectiveness of using ozone for disinfection depends on the concentration and time of treatment. However, it is highly unstable and has a short half-life and is thus easy to remove. The downside is that ozone can cause skin damage and respiratory irritation, which means it must be used with caution. Several studies have shown that ozone can kill viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces, including the fabric structure of face masks, over a period of time and that ozone kills 99% of airborne viruses in a period of 15 min. It undergoes oxidation with organic substances and can disinfect any inorganic substance in water and the air with a stronger sterilization effect on pseudoviruses, indicating that it can achieve coronavirus disinfection. Ozone is a gas that can spread over an area faster than regular liquid spraying. Ozone is a molecule made up of 3 oxygen atoms (O 3) with an unstable structure that has the ability to undergo oxidation reactions, making it toxic to microorganisms. However, the optimal conditions for the disinfection of surgical masks for reuse are still understudied. Effective methods for the industrial disinfection of face masks include the use of hydrogen peroxide vapour, ultraviolet radiation, moist heat, dry heat, and ozone gas. Reuse of a surgical mask is not recommended but has occurred during the recent high usage demands. Masks have been recommended as a potential PPE to address the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and other airborne pathogens. ![]() In addition, there are strains of fungi that can be transmitted through the air in the form of mycelium, mould, and spores such as Aspergillus spp., leading to hypersensitivities such as allergy and asthma. These pathogens may also contaminate medical personnel. Low immunity may cause infectious diseases in wound areas, surgical wounds, and lung infections from airborne transmission within hospitals or from other sources of contamination. In addition to the coronavirus, bacteria or fungi can also be spread by exposure to air and environmental contaminants, including Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are common bacteria that cause infections in humans. The pathogen can survive on various surfaces for even longer periods depending on the type of material. Infected secretions can remain in the air for several hours. The virus spreads between people through small liquid particles due to coughing, sneezing, speaking, or even breathing. Citizens, especially health care workers, are at risk of infection. The current situation amid the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused economic recession as well as mental health crises around the world. This study provided the conditions for using O 3 (500–2000 mg/L) to reduce pathogens and disinfect contaminated surgical masks, which might be applied to reduce the inappropriate usage of reused surgical masks. Using O 3 at 2000 mg O 3/L or 500 mg O 3/L in a 56 m 3 room is efficient for the disinfection of all pathogens on the surface of reused surgical masks. Using a lower-dose O 3 generator at 500 mg O 3/L in 0.456 m 3 provided lower efficiency, although the difference was not significant. By using 2000 mg/L O 3 in a 1.063 m 3 box, the growth of bacteria and fungi was found to be completely inhibited on surgical masks after 30 min and 2 h of treatment, respectively. ![]() ![]() ![]() The viral killing effect was increased over time and reached more than 95% after 2 h of incubation in both conditions. The virucidal effects were 82.99% and 81.70% after 15 min of treatment with 2000 mg/L O 3 at 1.063 m 3 and 500 mg/L O 3 at 0.456 m 3, respectively. O 3 generators, a modified PZ 2–4 for Air (2000 mg O 3/L) and a modified PZ 7 –2HO for Air (500 mg O 3/L), were used together with 1.063 m 3 (0.68 × 0.68 × 2.3 m) and 0.456 m 3 (0.68 × 0.68 × 1.15 m) acrylic boxes as well as a room-sized 56 m 3 (4 × 4 × 3.5 m) box to provide 3 conditions for the disinfection of masks contaminated with enveloped RNA virus (10 5 FFU/mL), bacteria (10 3 CFU/mL) and fungi (10 2 spores/mL). This study aims to evaluate the effects of O 3 for pathogen disinfection on reused surgical masks in various conditions. Due to the global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical masks are in high demand, with some needing to be reused in certain regions. Ozone (O 3) is an effective disinfectant agent that leaves no harmful residues. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Games software © 2017 Ubisoft Entertainment. Its friendly inhabitants will interact with your progression throughout the game and celebrate your achievements, bringing a new dimension to your. You own a miniature world where each neighborhood has its own unique identity and characteristics. Ubisoft and the Ubisoft logo are trademarks of Ubisoft Entertainment in the U.S. A full 3D city at the center of the board lives and evolves as you play. Monopoly Plus is a 3D city that is alive and evolving, right in the middle of your virtual board, as you play the game that everyone loves. Licensed by Hasbro to Ubisoft Entertainment. Buy MONOPOLY PLUS for Ubisoft Connect and download immediately. ![]() MONOPOLY name and character, as well as each of the distinctive elements of board and playing pieces are trademarks of Hasbro for its property trading game and game equipment and are used with permission © 2017 Hasbro. With regular sales and special offers, you can score great deals on video games from Ubisoft’s top franchises such as Assassin’s Creed, Far Cry, Anno and more. Play the famous Speed Die mode to spice up your game or select from a catalogue of 6 house rules chosen by Monopoly community members from around the world Base Game. Its friendly inhabitants will interact with your progression throughout the game and celebrate your achievements, bringing a new dimension to your experience. The MONOPOLY name and logo, the distinctive design of the game board, the four corner squares, the MR. Look no further than the Ubisoft Store Enjoy the ultimate gaming experience with new games, season pass and more additional content from the Ubisoft Store. You can change the rules and adapt them to your playing style. Play the famous Speed Die mode to spice up your game or select from a catalogue of 6 house rules chosen by Monopoly community members from around the world! You can change the rules and adapt them to your playing style. Feel that you own something special and admire your empire grow right in front of your eyes! Its friendly inhabitants will interact with your progression throughout the game and celebrate your achievements, bringing a new dimension to your experience. A full 3D city at the center of the board lives and evolves as you play. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The Discovery of the Synchronous FirefliesĪs a UNESCO International Biosphere Reserve, Grandfather Mountain has long been known for its natural wonders and as a haven for more than 70 rare or endangered species. ![]() And sometimes, if it rains right before it gets dark and then stops, it will make the flashing activity stronger. If the wind is too strong, they won’t fly. If the nightly temperatures are too cold, they won’t flash as much. How active the fireflies are can be impacted by current weather conditions. What weather conditions could impact firefly activity during the events? Luckily, our prediction model has been tested in several different locations and we are confident in it. Nature is on its own schedule, and even when things line up the way we THINK they should, we may miss it. We can’t measure (nor do we exactly know) all of the factors that go into firefly emergence, so we use all the resources we can to the best of our abilities. We do the very best that we can to be as accurate as possible in predicting the firefly mating period, but like anything in nature – nature is going to do what nature does. How confident are we in our event dates? Can we ever really predict a natural phenomenon like this? By doing yearly weather monitoring and on-the-ground monitoring during the firefly seasons, we start to get a better picture of what different trends look like at our location. 1 each year and continue to monitor until the firefly activity has ended. Is GMSF conservation and education staff monitoring conditions all year long or is it for a certain time period? In order to provide the best experience for our participants, we want to be as accurate as possible. If you were to ask your local meteorologist to predict the weather conditions for three specific dates a month and a half out, they will not likely give you a very confident answer. ![]() These three extra weeks give us a better snapshot of what our weather a month out will look like. It is extremely hard to predict what the weather conditions will be months in advance. What benefits are we hoping this brings our guests?īy pushing back the announcement of the dates of the events, we are trying to get a more accurate prediction of when the peak mating time of the synchronous fireflies will be. This year we are announcing event dates three weeks later than we announced them last year. There is a formula that is widely accepted in the scientific community that is used to predict when the synchronous fireflies will emerge and begin mating. The main thing that we monitor is the air temperature. There are many abiotic factors that play into when fireflies emerge from the forest floor – things such as soil temperature and moisture, rainfall, ambient air temperature, etc. How do you predict the dates of the event? What conditions are you monitoring to predict the “peak” time to see fireflies at the mountain? The most common species seen during the Grandfather Glows event are the synchronous fireflies (Photinus carolinus), blue ghost fireflies (Phausis reticulata), variable triple flash fireflies (Photuris versicolor) and glowworms (Orfelia fultoni). We have confirmed 10 different species of fireflies on Grandfather Mountain ( read more). What bioluminescent insects can potentially be seen at Grandfather during the event? The best time to observe fireflies is when they are at the peak of their mating period. Adult fireflies only live for a couple weeks, and their sole focus is to mate and lay eggs for the next generation of fireflies. Depending on the species, the firefly larvae may stay in the leaf litter for a couple of years until they mature and metamorphose into adults. What occurs during Grandfather Glows? Why is that THE time to observe the fireflies?Įach year, different species of fireflies emerge from the forest floor in order to find mates. Here’s a look into the process of trying to predict this natural phenomenon with Grandfather Mountain Stewardship Foundation Director of Conservation and Education John Caveny. ![]() ![]() ![]() r/RoomDetective - What can you deduce from a photograph? r/Redditor_Pics - Redditors posting pics of themselves, family, and friends ![]() r/QualityPhotos - Professionals, intermediates, and beginners are encourage share their best work. r/PictureChallenge - Weekly topic/category of pictures r/PhonePics - Pictures taken from cell phones r/PhotoCritique - Post a picture and receive constructive criticism/advice for improvement r/GuessMyFirstName - Redditors share self portraits, you guess their name! r/ITookaPicture - Give and receive feedback r/Instagramshots - for sharing your instagrams! r/365PhotoProject - Year long marathon of taking and sharing photos r/PicRequests - Requests and assistance for photo editing r/PostProcessing - Noise reduction, sharpening, exposure blending, image retouching etc. r/Gimp (Free Download Here) - A free image manipulation program r/AmateurPhotography - A place for amateur photographers to share tips, images, tricks, advice and give advice r/Shutterbug - Lighthearted/fun subreddit for discussing photography culture and practice r/Photography - The main hub of all things photography related r/PhotoClass2023 - Join them as they revisit /r/photoclass and more r/PhotoClass - Intro to Photography Reddit style, w/29 lessons r/Cameras - Reviews, articles, blogs, videos, of cameras and gear r/AskPhotography - Ask anything here! Friendly/Supportive & Beginners Welcome! r/PhotoEssay - photography essays and slideshows r/PhotoJournalism - Stories by and about photojournalists, the photography industry, and discussions of photojournalist practices r/FashionPhotography - Photographers, styles, techniques Diana, Holga, Superheadz, Harinezumi, Keychain cams, plastic lenses r/To圜ameras - Lomography, experimental, light leaks. Inappropriate use of reporting functionality may result in reports being referred to Admin. The report button is not a tool you should use to try and influence the mod team. The report button is for spam and other content that breaks the rules of Reddit as set out by Reddit admin. Only report posts that are in violation of Reddit content policy. Only posts with negative karma scores and no community engagement will be considered for removal by moderators. If the post is not a question or may be appropriate for another sub downvote and ignore it.ĭo not comment, do not report it to the moderation team. Please refrain from personal attacks, insults, slurs, or baiting users.Your opinions and lighthearted banter are fine, but don't let it get personal or excessive.įollow Reddiquette when voting and posting. ![]() Well formulated posts with clear accurate titles will help, the better the post the better the response.īeginner or Pro all interest levels in photography are welcome to contribute. A place to converse with the photographic community here on Reddit. ![]() ![]() ![]() Standard Ground ShippingIn stock orders shipped from LEM Products deliver within 5 - 10 business days of the receipt of the order. This will affect Jump the Line, Next Day and Second Day shipping methods. Orders received after 12 pm EST on Fridays begin processing on the following Monday or the next business day if Monday is a holiday. Order ProcessingOrders placed after 12 pm EST will begin processing the following business day. Visit Warranty & Recall for complete warranty information. YOU MUST RETAIN ORIGINAL RECEIPT FOR WARRANTY VALIDATION. ![]() This information is REQUIRED to exercise your product warranty. Regardless of how you submit your warranty registration, you MUST submit a copy of your purchase receipt along with your warranty registration. You will still need to mail or email us a copy of your purchase receipt. Scan and email your warranty card and a copy of your receipt to Register your warranty online.Complete and return the warranty card with a copy of your purchase receipt to LEM Products at 4440 Muhlhauser Rd., Suite 300, West Chester, OH 45011-9767.In order for your product's warranty to be valid, you must do one of the following: If you purchased from a retail store such as Amazon, Academy Sports, or Scheels, you will need to register your warranty online. WARRANTY REGISTRATIONPurchasing directly from LEM Products automatically registers your item. ![]() We will deliver the best possible experience no matter what your need. That's why we stock parts inventories and have developed a team of experts whose sole mission is to help you. We believe that a great experience requires not only a quality product but also exceptional service. Our trained team of Service Technicians are here to help you with warranty questions, parts selection, even advice.They're all great questions from our point of view. Our Customer Service Team is here to help answer any question you might have, from selecting the right product to how to use it.Commercial Quality French Fry Cutter | LEM ProductsĬUSTOMER SERVICE AND PARTSAt LEM, we understand our job doesn't end the moment you purchase a product. ![]() ![]() ![]() Many tools exist to create and run virtual machines, however, CyberPatriot V will use VMware.If host machine fails, all VMs residing on that machine fail.Running VMs simultaneously requires more hardware resources.Performance might be degraded if necessary hardware has not been allocated.Types of demands users will be placing on the machine (now and in the future).How many users will need to be accommodated (now and in the future).Save time testing new software without it affecting your current configurations. ![]() Less power/electricity than having more physical machines. ![]()
![]() Users can select any voice from the dropdown and change the voice. Also, it adds the rate and pitch value to the voice.įurthermore, the setVoices() function sets all available voices of different regions in the dropdown menu options. Here, whenever the user clicks the button, it invokes the textToVoice() function, which converts text to voice. The example below demonstrates the advanced use of the Google Chrome web speech API. Var text = document.getElementById("text").value ![]() Var speak = document.getElementById("speak") Writing a javascript code to use web speech api to text to voice conversion Text to voice conversion using the Web speech API of Google Chrome Furthermore, we use the speak() method to convert text to voice which users can observe in the output. After that, whenever users click the submit button, we initialize the new object of the SpeechSynthesisUtterance with the text value of the ‘textarea’ input field. In JavaScript, we access the text from the ‘textarea’ input field. We have used the ‘textarea’ tag of the HTML to take the text input from the user. The example below demonstrates the basic use of the Google Chrome web speech API to convert text to voice. After that, we have used the speak() method to speak the text. In the above syntax, we have initialized the SpeechSynthesisUtterance() object and passed the text to speak as a parameter. Var speechOBj = new SpeechSynthesisUtterance(text) Users can follow the syntax below to use the web speech API of Google Chrome for the text to voice conversion. ![]() In this tutorial, we will learn to use the web speech API of Google Chrome to convert text to voice. To convert normal text to voice, we require to use the web speech api of Google Chrome. Also, some website adds the audio of the article in every article, so if users don’t want to read the article, they can listne to it. ![]() Nowadays, the audiobook is more preferred by readers to reading books as they can grab knowledge while doing any work by listening to it. ![]() |